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Contents
  • Preface
  • 1. Climate system
  • 2. Energy balance
  • 3. Modelling
  • 4. Perturbations
  • 5. Brief history
  • 6. Future climate changes
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Introduction to climate dynamics and climate modelling
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Hugues Goosse

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5. Brief history of climate: causes and mechanisms

  • 5.1 Introduction

  • 5.2 Internal climate variability
    • 5.2.1 El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • 5.2.2 The North Atlantic Oscillation
    • 5.2.3 The Southern Annular Mode

  • 5.3 Climate since Earth's formation
    • 5.3.1 Precambrian climate
    • 5.3.2 Phanerozoic climate
    • 5.3.3 Cenozoic climate

  • 5.4 The last million years: glacial interglacial cycles
    • 5.4.1 Variations of the orbital parameters and of the insolation
    • 5.4.2 Orbital theory of paleoclimates
    • 5.4.3 Glacial-interglacial variations in the atmospheric CO2 concentration

  • 5.5 The Holocene and the last 1000 years
    • 5.5.1 The current interglacial
    • 5.5.2 The last 1000 years
      • 5.5.2.1 Hemispheric-scale changes
      • 5.5.2.2 Changes at the regional scale
    • 5.5.3 The last century

  • Cited references and further reading

  • Exercises

  • Web links

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